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My Portfolio
Welcome to my portfolio. Here you’ll find a selection of my work. Explore my projects to learn more about what I do.
Automatic Plant Irrigation System
The Automatic Plant Irrigation System is designed to address the challenges posed by traditional manual irrigation methods, offering a more efficient and automated solution. The project recognizes the increasing impact of global warming and erratic climatic conditions on agricultural practices, making it crucial to develop technologies that enhance irrigation processes.
The motivation behind this project stems from the need to mitigate the effects of global warming and address difficulties in irrigating sloped or hilly terrains. Traditional manual irrigation is not only time-consuming but also requires a significant amount of manpower. The project aims to provide a reliable and automated system that can efficiently irrigate fields without constant human intervention.
The primary objective of the project is to design and implement an Automatic Plant Irrigation System. This system is intended to detect soil moisture levels and activate the irrigation process when the soil is dry. Conversely, it deactivates the irrigation system when the soil reaches an adequate moisture level. The goal is to create a time-efficient and labor-saving solution for farmers.
The Automatic Plant Irrigation System has versatile applications in various sectors. It can be employed in industrial settings for the automated cultivation of crops on large land areas, including the growth of staples like paddy and wheat. Additionally, the system is suitable for domestic applications, such as home gardening.
The project offers several advantages:
Automation reduces the need for extensive manpower.
Components used in the system are cost-effective and readily available.
Provides a more reliable and efficient irrigation method.
While the system is effective, it has limitations, such as its reliance on probes in a small region. In larger areas with varying soil moisture conditions, the system may not perform optimally. For instance, if the soil in the field is dry, but the region near the probes is wet, the system might not irrigate the entire field.
In summary, the Automatic Plant Irrigation System is a technologically advanced solution designed to automate the irrigation process based on soil moisture levels. It holds promise for enhancing agricultural practices, especially in regions facing challenges due to climate change.
The motivation behind this project stems from the need to mitigate the effects of global warming and address difficulties in irrigating sloped or hilly terrains. Traditional manual irrigation is not only time-consuming but also requires a significant amount of manpower. The project aims to provide a reliable and automated system that can efficiently irrigate fields without constant human intervention.
The primary objective of the project is to design and implement an Automatic Plant Irrigation System. This system is intended to detect soil moisture levels and activate the irrigation process when the soil is dry. Conversely, it deactivates the irrigation system when the soil reaches an adequate moisture level. The goal is to create a time-efficient and labor-saving solution for farmers.
The Automatic Plant Irrigation System has versatile applications in various sectors. It can be employed in industrial settings for the automated cultivation of crops on large land areas, including the growth of staples like paddy and wheat. Additionally, the system is suitable for domestic applications, such as home gardening.
The project offers several advantages:
Automation reduces the need for extensive manpower.
Components used in the system are cost-effective and readily available.
Provides a more reliable and efficient irrigation method.
While the system is effective, it has limitations, such as its reliance on probes in a small region. In larger areas with varying soil moisture conditions, the system may not perform optimally. For instance, if the soil in the field is dry, but the region near the probes is wet, the system might not irrigate the entire field.
In summary, the Automatic Plant Irrigation System is a technologically advanced solution designed to automate the irrigation process based on soil moisture levels. It holds promise for enhancing agricultural practices, especially in regions facing challenges due to climate change.
IoT Based Home Automation System
The IoT-based Home Automation System is a sophisticated project designed for comprehensive home management. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies, the system is built upon the ESP32 microcontroller, programmed using C++ in the Arduino IDE. The project integrates an array of sensors and devices, including the DHT11 for real-time temperature and humidity monitoring, PIR sensors for motion detection, an 8-channel relay for controlling household appliances such as fans and bulbs, an ESP32 CAM for video monitoring, and a 4x4 keypad module for user input.
Connected through Wi-Fi, the system offers seamless remote control and monitoring capabilities via a user-friendly website interface. Users can conveniently manage the status of various sensors and devices, ensuring optimal control and energy efficiency in their home environment. The 16x4 LCD display provides instant feedback on the system's operational status, enhancing user awareness.
A notable security feature of this project is the integration of a Telegram bot, which sends immediate alerts whenever motion is detected by the PIR sensors. This not only adds an extra layer of security but also keeps users informed about any unusual activities in their home.
The incorporation of ESP32 CAM serves as a powerful video monitoring tool, allowing users to remotely view their home environment in real time. This feature enhances overall security and provides peace of mind to homeowners.
In summary, this IoT-based Home Automation System showcases the convergence of sensor technology, wireless communication, and user interface design to create a comprehensive solution for intelligent home management. Its automation capabilities, coupled with remote accessibility and security features, make it a versatile and efficient addition to modern smart homes.
Connected through Wi-Fi, the system offers seamless remote control and monitoring capabilities via a user-friendly website interface. Users can conveniently manage the status of various sensors and devices, ensuring optimal control and energy efficiency in their home environment. The 16x4 LCD display provides instant feedback on the system's operational status, enhancing user awareness.
A notable security feature of this project is the integration of a Telegram bot, which sends immediate alerts whenever motion is detected by the PIR sensors. This not only adds an extra layer of security but also keeps users informed about any unusual activities in their home.
The incorporation of ESP32 CAM serves as a powerful video monitoring tool, allowing users to remotely view their home environment in real time. This feature enhances overall security and provides peace of mind to homeowners.
In summary, this IoT-based Home Automation System showcases the convergence of sensor technology, wireless communication, and user interface design to create a comprehensive solution for intelligent home management. Its automation capabilities, coupled with remote accessibility and security features, make it a versatile and efficient addition to modern smart homes.
IoT Based Health Monitoring System
Internet of Things (IoT) based smart health monitoring system will help to measure various health-related parameters like body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, and heart rate. which will help to predict diseases. This system can be implemented at our homes or old age homes to keep track of an individual’s health and also for the daily health check-ups of people working at electricity boards and public transport at the time of reporting or exit. This system can also help monitor the health of mine workers and people working at the merchant navy and monitor the patients in the hospital who are kept under observation In the hardware part PCB package is used to develop a compact system, sensors for measuring health-related parameters like temperature, heart rate, Blood Pressure, and Pulse rate. This system is specially designed for heart patients and senior citizens who cannot go for regular health checkups. data from sensors will be further sent to the LCD.
IoT Based Green House Automation System
An IoT-based Greenhouse Automation System using ESP32, various sensors, and actuators is designed to create an automated environment for optimal plant growth and management.
The ESP32 collects real-time data from the soil moisture sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and other environmental sensors.
Based on the sensor readings, the microcontroller makes decisions to control the relay switches and activate or deactivate devices like the heating lamp, water pump motor, and cooling fan. Data from the sensors and the status of the devices are sent to the Blynk server, which acts as a web server. Users can remotely monitor the greenhouse conditions, view historical data, and control devices using the Blynk mobile app or web interface. The system provides an automated and optimized environment for plant growth, ensuring proper watering, temperature regulation, and ventilation.
This IoT-based Greenhouse Automation System enhances efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and creates an ideal environment for plant cultivation by leveraging smart technology and remote monitoring capabilities.
The ESP32 collects real-time data from the soil moisture sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and other environmental sensors.
Based on the sensor readings, the microcontroller makes decisions to control the relay switches and activate or deactivate devices like the heating lamp, water pump motor, and cooling fan. Data from the sensors and the status of the devices are sent to the Blynk server, which acts as a web server. Users can remotely monitor the greenhouse conditions, view historical data, and control devices using the Blynk mobile app or web interface. The system provides an automated and optimized environment for plant growth, ensuring proper watering, temperature regulation, and ventilation.
This IoT-based Greenhouse Automation System enhances efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and creates an ideal environment for plant cultivation by leveraging smart technology and remote monitoring capabilities.
1N4148 Silicon Diode used as Temperature Sensor
A temperature sensor diode is a general silicon diode that changes temperature as the resistance of the diode changes. A 1N4148 diode is a fast-switching diode whose resistance changes as the temperature changes. Usually, we have seen this type of equipment, a thermistor. It is a type of resistor and is easy to use. But we do not see it in normal use. Its resistance will reduce when it is hot. Contrarily, when it is cold its resistance rises. 1N4148 diode is used at both room temperature and at a heated temperature to see the difference in the voltages that pass through the diode. Voltage thresholds are set for both the higher and lower limit of the voltage which in turn acts as points of logic 1 and 0 for the temperature sensor.
Digital Flip-Flop Trainer Kit
A Digital Flip-Flop Trainer Kit designed for educational purposes typically includes electronic components that represent and demonstrate the functionality of different types of flip-flops. Flip-flops are fundamental building blocks in digital circuits and memory elements. Here's a brief description of a trainer kit containing D, RS (Set-Reset), JK, and T flip-flops:
1. D Flip-Flop:
The D flip-flop, or Data flip-flop, stores one bit of data. It has a clock input, a data input (D), and outputs (Q and Q' or Q-bar). The stored data is transferred to the output on the rising or falling edge of the clock signal.
2. RS (Set-Reset) Flip-Flop:
The RS flip-flop has two inputs, Set (S) and Reset (R), which set and reset the stored state, respectively. It typically has two outputs (Q and Q' or Q-bar) representing the complementary states.
3. JK Flip-Flop:
The JK flip-flop is a versatile flip-flop with J (set) and K (reset) inputs, along with a clock input. It can function as a toggle flip-flop when J and K are both high. Like other flip-flops, it has complementary outputs.
4. T Flip-Flop:
The T flip-flop, or Toggle flip-flop, toggles its output state on each clock pulse when the T input is high. It simplifies the design when a toggling function is required.
Features of the Digital Flip-Flop Trainer Kit:
Each flip-flop type is represented by physical components, often integrated circuits (ICs) or discrete components. The kit includes input terminals for clock signals and inputs (D, S, R, J, K, T) and output terminals to observe the flip-flop states. LED indicators or display screens may be included to visualize the states of the flip-flops. The trainer kit allows users to connect and configure the flip-flops using jumper wires, enabling the creation of various sequential logic circuits. The kit is designed for hands-on learning, allowing students to understand and experiment with basic digital sequential logic concepts.
These types of trainer kits are valuable tools for teaching digital electronics and sequential logic design, providing a tangible and interactive way for students to grasp the fundamentals of flip-flops and their applications in building more complex digital circuits.
1. D Flip-Flop:
The D flip-flop, or Data flip-flop, stores one bit of data. It has a clock input, a data input (D), and outputs (Q and Q' or Q-bar). The stored data is transferred to the output on the rising or falling edge of the clock signal.
2. RS (Set-Reset) Flip-Flop:
The RS flip-flop has two inputs, Set (S) and Reset (R), which set and reset the stored state, respectively. It typically has two outputs (Q and Q' or Q-bar) representing the complementary states.
3. JK Flip-Flop:
The JK flip-flop is a versatile flip-flop with J (set) and K (reset) inputs, along with a clock input. It can function as a toggle flip-flop when J and K are both high. Like other flip-flops, it has complementary outputs.
4. T Flip-Flop:
The T flip-flop, or Toggle flip-flop, toggles its output state on each clock pulse when the T input is high. It simplifies the design when a toggling function is required.
Features of the Digital Flip-Flop Trainer Kit:
Each flip-flop type is represented by physical components, often integrated circuits (ICs) or discrete components. The kit includes input terminals for clock signals and inputs (D, S, R, J, K, T) and output terminals to observe the flip-flop states. LED indicators or display screens may be included to visualize the states of the flip-flops. The trainer kit allows users to connect and configure the flip-flops using jumper wires, enabling the creation of various sequential logic circuits. The kit is designed for hands-on learning, allowing students to understand and experiment with basic digital sequential logic concepts.
These types of trainer kits are valuable tools for teaching digital electronics and sequential logic design, providing a tangible and interactive way for students to grasp the fundamentals of flip-flops and their applications in building more complex digital circuits.
Dumbwaiter
An Arduino-controlled dumbwaiter project is designed to efficiently transport food between the kitchen and dining areas located on different floors in the hospitality industry.
The dumbwaiter comprises two square columns with a tray that moves seamlessly up and down, driven by a reliable winch mechanism. Nylon rollers with bearings ensure smooth and durable operation.
The Arduino-based control system utilizes a stepper motor for precise and reliable movement. A strategically placed switch facilitates the loading and unloading of materials between floors, offering a user-friendly interface for operational convenience.
The motor and gearbox configurations are adaptable, allowing for customization based on available space conditions in the field. The inclusion of an interlocking mechanism with a contactor ensures a secure and controlled switching mechanism for the dumbwaiter, emphasizing safety and operational efficiency.
This innovative dumbwaiter project aims to optimize the food transportation process within the hospitality industry, eliminating the need for manual transfers and enhancing overall operational efficiency.
The dumbwaiter comprises two square columns with a tray that moves seamlessly up and down, driven by a reliable winch mechanism. Nylon rollers with bearings ensure smooth and durable operation.
The Arduino-based control system utilizes a stepper motor for precise and reliable movement. A strategically placed switch facilitates the loading and unloading of materials between floors, offering a user-friendly interface for operational convenience.
The motor and gearbox configurations are adaptable, allowing for customization based on available space conditions in the field. The inclusion of an interlocking mechanism with a contactor ensures a secure and controlled switching mechanism for the dumbwaiter, emphasizing safety and operational efficiency.
This innovative dumbwaiter project aims to optimize the food transportation process within the hospitality industry, eliminating the need for manual transfers and enhancing overall operational efficiency.
Logic Gate Kit
A logic gate kit typically includes electronic components that represent and demonstrate the functionality of fundamental logic gates. These gates are building blocks of digital circuits and are used to perform logical operations. Here's a brief description of a logic gate kit containing AND, OR, NOT, NOR, XOR, and NAND gates:
1. AND Gate:
The output is high (1) only when both inputs are high (1). Otherwise, the output is low (0).
2. OR Gate:
The output is high (1) if at least one input is high (1). It is low (0) only when both inputs are low (0).
3. NOT Gate:
It has a single input, and the output is the inverse (complement) of the input. If the input is high (1), the output is low (0), and vice versa.
4. NOR Gate:
The output is low (0) only when both inputs are high (1). Otherwise, the output is high (1).
5. XOR Gate:
The output is high (1) when the number of high inputs is odd. If both inputs are high (1) or both are low (0), the output is low (0).
6. NAND Gate:
The output is low (0) only when both inputs are high (1). Otherwise, the output is high (1).
Features of the Logic Gate Kit:
Each gate is represented by a physical component, often an integrated circuit (IC) or a set of discrete transistors. The kit includes input terminals and LED indicators for visualizing the logic levels (high or low) at the input and output of each gate. Users can connect the gates using jumper wires to create various logic circuits and observe the resulting outputs. The kit is designed for hands-on learning, allowing students to understand and experiment with basic digital logic concepts.
These logic gate kits are valuable tools for teaching digital electronics and computer science principles, providing a tangible and interactive way for students to grasp the fundamentals of binary logic and Boolean algebra.
1. AND Gate:
The output is high (1) only when both inputs are high (1). Otherwise, the output is low (0).
2. OR Gate:
The output is high (1) if at least one input is high (1). It is low (0) only when both inputs are low (0).
3. NOT Gate:
It has a single input, and the output is the inverse (complement) of the input. If the input is high (1), the output is low (0), and vice versa.
4. NOR Gate:
The output is low (0) only when both inputs are high (1). Otherwise, the output is high (1).
5. XOR Gate:
The output is high (1) when the number of high inputs is odd. If both inputs are high (1) or both are low (0), the output is low (0).
6. NAND Gate:
The output is low (0) only when both inputs are high (1). Otherwise, the output is high (1).
Features of the Logic Gate Kit:
Each gate is represented by a physical component, often an integrated circuit (IC) or a set of discrete transistors. The kit includes input terminals and LED indicators for visualizing the logic levels (high or low) at the input and output of each gate. Users can connect the gates using jumper wires to create various logic circuits and observe the resulting outputs. The kit is designed for hands-on learning, allowing students to understand and experiment with basic digital logic concepts.
These logic gate kits are valuable tools for teaching digital electronics and computer science principles, providing a tangible and interactive way for students to grasp the fundamentals of binary logic and Boolean algebra.
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